Welding Fumes and Carcinogenic Risk: Reflections from the S.Pre.S.A.L. of ASL CN2 within the Framework of the Targeted Prevention Plan “Occupational Carcinogenic Risk”

Abstract

Welding fumes, especially those generated during stainless steel welding, are classified as Group 1 carcinogens by the IARC, with strong evidence linking exposure to increased risks of lung cancer and other malignancies. This article discusses the targeted prevention plan implemented by ASL CN2 SPRESAL to monitor and reduce occupational exposure to carcinogenic welding fumes. While environmental monitoring is essential, it alone is insufficient; biological monitoring is crucial to accurately assess individual uptake of hazardous substances such as hexavalent chromium and nickel. Italian legislation (D.Lgs. 81/2008) mandates employers to implement technical measures—primarily local exhaust ventilation systems—to minimize exposure and to ensure continuous health surveillance of exposed workers. The article also reviews the acute and chronic health effects associated with welding fume exposure, including respiratory diseases and cancer, supported by epidemiological and toxicological data. Field inspections reveal gaps in preventive practices, underscoring the need for integrated, multidisciplinary strategies involving employers, occupational physicians, and SPRESAL to effectively protect worker health.